CONTEXT
The project will once again be developed in Oaxaca , this time in the Municipality of San Juan Mixtepec
This region is still considered as one of the poorest in the country and is in dire need of this type of initiative.
Half of the people involved in the project live here and are able to accompany the whole process and teach new construction techniques to the community. Although it is a small and humble project it can easily be reapplied to other regions of Mexico
FEMALE CONTEXT
Twenty years later, 60% of the men, mainly young family heads between 15 and 24 (approximately 50,8%) still immigrate mostly to the USA. 84,3% don’t even return to Mexico
HOUSING
In San Juan Mixtepec the houses still have small areas in basic conditions that serve several people. Around 67,5% still only have one room. 59,3% of the houses don’t even have more than dirt for a floor and 68,3% don’t have either a fridge, television, washing machine or a computer.
We are looking at a rural environment where people and animals share the same space.
HOUSING CONDITIONS
Twenty years later, even after several improvements in living conditions throughout the country, Oaxaca
THE TEAM
JUAN JOSÉ SANTIBAÑEZ
Twenty years later, the architect Juan José Santibañez, wanted to relaunch the project of 20 houses for 20 women. With this intention, he joined forces with young architects, transmitting his knowledge and beginning a new cycle that is hoped to be continuous and timeless.
Some Projects:
1989 Centro Diocesano Pastoral
1997 Museu Regional e Biblioteca Pública de Huajuapan
2006 BS Biblioteca Infantil
2007 Museu Textil
Prizes:
2006 BS Biblioteca Infantil
Prémio CEMEX - Congruencia en accesibilidad
2007 Museu Textil
Medalha de prata na X Bienal de Arquitectura Mexicana.
ROOTSTUDIO
Rootstudio, is formed by architects João Caeiro (PT) and Fulvio Capurso (IT) who currently live in Oaxaca Oaxaca
Prizes:
2010 1st Prémio
Emerging Ghana
Open Source House Competition
Cape Coast, Gana
2010 1st Prémio
Emerging Ghana
Open Source House Competition
Cape Coast, Gana
2010 Winners - 25.000$USD Financing
San Pedro Apostól - Rural Sports Center
Nike/ Architecture for Humanity
GameChangers Competition
Oaxaca, México
Some Projects:
2010 Pavillion do Feira do Livro de Oaxaca,
Oaxaca, MÉXICO
San Pedro Apostól - Rural Sports Center
Nike/ Architecture for Humanity
GameChangers Competition
Oaxaca, México
Some Projects:
2010 Pavillion do Feira do Livro de Oaxaca,
Oaxaca, MÉXICO
2010 San Isidro Chapel,
San Bartolo de Coyotepec, MÉXICO
San Bartolo de Coyotepec, MÉXICO
2009 Temazcal e Workshops on construction with earth and
bamboo for the Women’s Civil Assotiation ofYu Xunaxi
Zaachila, MÉXICO
BLAANC
blaanc borderless architecture is a young international design team made up of four architects. They are based in Lisbon, Rio de Janeiro and Perth , working mainly in Portugal and Brazil
http://www.blaanc.com/
Prizes:
2010 1º Prize
Emerging Ghana
Open Source House Competition
Cape Coast, Gana
2010 Winners - 25.000$USD Financing
San Pedro Apostól - Rural Sports Center
Nike/ Architecture for Humanity
GameChangers Competition
Oaxaca, México
Some Projects:
2010 Rehabilitation CASA MUSEU Fundação Medeiros Almeida
Lisboa, PORTUGAL
2010 Rehabilitation Apartment Leblon
Rio de Janeiro, BRASIL
2009 Interior Design Club House Palmela Village Golf Resort
Palmela, PORTUGAL
2008 Interior Design Single Family House of Manuel Tarré
Loures, PORTUGAL
Mexican’s students group,
interested in working with their own hands, experimenting all the possibilities
they can reach. They are involved in projects with several communities of the
state of Oaxaca, such as the coordination and construction of the Adobe for
Woman houses, the construction of the Rural Sports Center of San Pedro Apóstol,
and the participation in the organization of Vernacular Architecture events. They
also travel trough the villages of that region, recognizing their architecture.
Casa Tierra’s movement
main goal is to contribute to a more human Architecture.
(María, Josué, Alberto,
Samantha, Alicia, Josué... and it is growing)
THE WOMEN
THE PROJECT
ARCHITECTURE PROJECT
The house has a simple, rectangular plan. The interior spaces are articulated via bearing walls that subdivide the house into a social area (kitchen and living/dining room) and a private area (bedrooms and toilet) and at the same time are a reinforcement to the perimeter walls, necessary in Oaxaca as this is a region with high seismic activity. The roof is built with a wooden structure and tiles that, according to local tradition, allow the removal of rainwater from the building and lowers the height of the lateral walls.
The location of the openings varies depending on the orientation, surroundings of each plot and the needs of each of the women.
The location of the openings varies depending on the orientation, surroundings of each plot and the needs of each of the women.
The one floor house is punctuated by the colour on the doors, which can vary depending on its occupants and should use strong marking colours, which is characteristic to
The variety of textures present in the adobe, bamboo and roof tiles contribute to a richer and more harmonious entirety.
IMPLANTATION POSSIBILITIES
The houses implementation, other than the simple and isolated version, may be implemented in the community two by two by sharing the patio area in the case of a larger family or close relatives, such as cousins or brothers.
PROJECT ADVANTAGES
Ecological:
Regional and biodegradable materials.
Social:
Strengthens community work.
Structural:
All walls are structural.
Economical:
Resource Optimization.
Cultural:
Integrates with the traditional houses and promotes local knowledge.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SOLAR ENERGY
To take full advantage of the solar energy, small solar panels will be installed to convert the energy from the sum into electricity.
It is expected that they allow the use of:
4 light bulbs
1 television
1 radio
(the average amount of appliances used in this municipality)
WATER
WATER
A deposit collects rain water from the roof and it is re used for watering the vegetable garden, the kitchen and the bathroom. This way the women are less dependent on external water supplies.
Other than the reuse of water, a treatment system will be implanted through the use of a grey water filter made up of gravel, plants and coal. This water may be used to water the vegetable garden.
COMPOSTING TOILET
The “Composting Toilet” is a system used in bathrooms where, instead of using flush water or sewage systems, urine and feces are stored and treated through composting turning them into nutrient products for soil. There is no use of water, therefore there is no water waste and water contamination is avoided. It is similar to a composting system, as oxygen is also needed for the process to take place.
A chamber where feces and urine (combined or separated) are stored is connected to a tube or chimney to allow hot air to rise leaving the indoor spaces with fresh air.
COMPOSTING
Composting is a biological process where microrganisms transform organic matter, such as manure, leaves, paper and food left overs, in a substance similar to soil known as compost. Other than reusing a part of domestic rubbish, compost improves the soils structure and acts as a fertilizer.
ESTUFA LORENA
The Estufa Lorena is an energy efficient, traditional stove that uses less wood to cook than normal wood stoves. It is basically a closed box of mud and sand with a chimney. The wood is place inside the box and the food is heated from the hot smoke. This system reduces wood consumption by 60% and improves the air quality in the kitchen.
HOW TO BUILD
Adobe bricks are made of a mixture of mud (clay and
sand) mixed with straw, molded in the form of a brick
and dried in the sun.
A mixture is made of:
70% clay
30% sand and water
The mixture is put in molds and left to dry in the sun
for about 25 to 30 days.
To avoid cracking while under the sun, straw and
manure is added as a reinforcement.
How to Test:
First, choose a place where soil with more clay can be
found and used for construction.
Then capability is tested the following way:
1- Make a plastic-like and moldable mixture, place it
in a wooden box of 40cmx4cmx4cm.
2 - Leave to dry.
3 - When the mixture rises with a curve in the centre,
the soil cannot be used. It should shrink.
4 - Measure how much it shrank. Shouldn’t be more
than 4cm.
5 - After 15 days of drying, a few more tests should be
made to prove resistance.
For the second test, the adobe bricks should be dry.
1 - Place two bricks apart with an interval of more or
less 30cm.
2 - Put a third brick over the first two and stand on top,
if it does not break with the weight of one human it is
good quality.
STEP BY STEP
TIMETABLE
COSTS
Materials and manpower needed for each house.
Materials and manpower needed for each house.
